Age and interpulse interval relation from newborn to adult sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) off Mauritius

Würsig, B., Perrin, W. F. & Thewissen, J. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Academic Press, 2009).
Google Scholar 
Gaskin, D. The Ecology of Whales and Dolphins (Heinemann, 1984).
Google Scholar 
Shultz, S. & Dunbar, R. Encephalization is not a universal macroevolutionary phenomenon in mammals but is associated with sociality. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 21582–21586 (2010).Article 
ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Madsen, P. et al. Sperm whale sound production studied with ultrasound time/depth-recording tags. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1899–1906 (2002).Article 
CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Backus, R. H. & Schevill, W. E. Physeter clicks. Whales, dolphins, and porpoises 510–527 (1966).Glezer, I. et al. Chemical neuroanatomy of the inferior colliculus in brains of echolocating and nonecholocating mammals: Immunocytochemical study. InEcholocation in Bats and Dolphins 161–172 (University of Chicago Press, 2004).Serio, C. et al. Macroevolution of toothed whales exceptional relative brain size. Evol. Biol. 46, 332–342 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Beckman, D. Marine Environmental Biology and Conservation (Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2012).
Google Scholar 
Ferrari, M. Study of a biosonar based on the modeling of a complete chain of emission-propagation-reception with validation on sperm whales. (Ph.D. thesis, 2020).Goold, J. Behavioural and acoustic observations of sperm whales in Scapa Flow. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 79, 541–550 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
Rendell, L. & Whitehead, H. Vocal clans in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 270, 225–231 (2003).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Gordon, J. C. D. The behaviour and ecology of sperm whales off Sri Lanka. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge (1987).Watkins, W. A. & Schevill, W. E. Sperm whale codas. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 1485–1490 (1977).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Madsen, P., Wahlberg, M. & Møhl, B. Male sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) acoustics in a high-latitude habitat: Implications for echolocation and communication. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 53, 31–41 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
Møhl, B., Wahlberg, M., Madsen, P., Heerfordt, A. & Lund, A. The monopulsed nature of sperm whale clicks. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 1143–1154 (2003).Article 
ADS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Norris, K. & Harvey, G. A theory for the function of the spermaceti organ of the sperm whale. Anim. Orientat. Navig. 393–417 (1972).Rendell, L. & Whitehead, H. Do sperm whales share coda vocalizations? Insights into coda usage from acoustic size measurements. Anim. Behav. 67, 865–874 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
Rhinelander, M. Q. & Dawson, S. M. Measuring sperm whales from their clicks: Stability of interpulse intervals and validation that they indicate whale length. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 1826–1831 (2004).Article 
ADS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Bøttcher, A., Gero, S., Beedholm, K., Whitehead, H. & Madsen, P. T. Variability of the inter-pulse interval in sperm whale clicks with implications for size estimation and individual identification. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 144, 365–374 (2018).Article 
ADS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Zimmer, W., Madsen, P., Teloni, V., Johnson, M. & Tyack, P. Off-axis effects on the multipulse structure of sperm whale usual clicks with implications for sound production. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 3337–3345 (2005).Article 
ADS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Berzin, A. Rate of growth of sperm whale in the north-western pacific. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel Institut Mordovskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 53, 271–275 (1964).
Google Scholar 
Best, P. The sperm whale off the west coast of South Africa. 5. Age. growth, and mortality. Investl. Rep. Fish. Mar. Bioi. Surv. Div. 1–27 (1970).Gambell, R. Sperm whales off Durban. Discov. Rep. 35, 199–358 (1972).
Google Scholar 
Ohsumi, S. Age-length key of the male sperm whale in the North Pacific and comparisons of growth curves. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 27, 295–300 (1977).
Google Scholar 
Evans, K. & Hindell, M. A. The age structure and growth of female sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in southern Australian waters. J. Zool. 263, 237–250 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
Nishiwaki, M., Ohsumi, S. & Hibiya, T. Age study of sperm whale based on reading of tooth laminations, Whales Res. Inst. Tokyo. (1958).Nishiwaki, M., Ohsumi, S. & Maeda, Y. Change of form in the sperm whale accompanied with growth. Whales Res. Inst. Tokyo 17, 1–17 (1963).
Google Scholar 
Evans, K. & Robertson, K. A note on the preparation of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) teeth for age determination. J. Cetac. Res. Manag. 3, 101–107 (2001).
Google Scholar 
Hamilton, V., Evans, K., Raymond, B. & Hindell, M. A. Environmental influences on tooth growth in sperm whales from southern Australia. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 446, 236–244 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
Best, P., Canham, P. & Macleod, N. Patterns of reproduction in sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 6, 51–79 (1984).
Google Scholar 
Laws, R. M. et al. Growth and sexual maturity in aquatic mammals. Nature 178, 193–194 (1956).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Laird, A., Tyler, S. & Barton, A. The dynamics of growth. Research/Development 20, 28–31 (1969).
Google Scholar 
Von Bertalanffy, L. A quantitative theory of organic growth (inquiries on growth laws. II). Hum. Biol. 10, 181–213 (1938).
Google Scholar 
Bannister, J. The biology and status of the sperm whales off western Australia-an extended summary of results of recent work. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 19, 70–76 (1969).
Google Scholar 
Miller, B. S., Growcott, A., Slooten, E. & Dawson, S. M. Acoustically derived growth rates of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Kaikoura, New Zealand. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 2438–2445 (2013).Article 
ADS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Gordon, J. Evaluation of a method for determining the length of sperm whales (Physeter catodon) from their vocalizations. J. Zool. 2, 301–314 (1991).Article 

Google Scholar 
Growcott, Aea. Measuring body length of male sperm whales from their clicks: The relationship between inter-pulse intervals and photogrammetrically measured lengths. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 568–573 (2011).Article 
ADS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
Tønnesen, P., Gero, S., Ladegaard, M., Johnson, M. & Madsen, P. T. First-year sperm whale calves echolocate and perform long, deep dives. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 72, 1–15 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Møhl, B., Larsen, E. & Amundin, M. Sperm whale size determination: Outlines of an acoustic approach. Mamm. Seas: Gen. Pap. Large Cetaceans 3, 327–331 (1981).
Google Scholar 
Flewellen, C. & Morris, R. Sound velocity measurements on samples from the spermaceti organ of the sperm whale (physeter catodon). Deep-Sea Res. 25, 269–277 (1978).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Goold, J. C., Bennell, J. D. & Jones, S. E. Sound velocity measurements in spermaceti oil under the combined influences of temperature and pressure. Deep Sea Res. Part I 43, 961–969 (1996).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sarano, V. et al. Underwater photo-identification of sperm whales (physeter macrocephalus) off Mauritius. Mar. Biol. Res. 18, 131–146 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sarano, F. et al. Kin relationships in cultural species of the marine realm: Case study of a matrilineal social group of sperm whales off Mauritius island, Indian Ocean. R. Soc. Open Sci. 8, 201794 (2021).Article 
ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Clarke, R., Paliza, O. & Van Waerebeek, K. Sperm whales of the Southeast Pacific. Part VII. Reproduction and growth in the female. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm. 9, 8–39 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Taylor, B. et al. Physeter macrocephalus (amended version of 2008 assessment). IUCN Red List Threatened Species2019, e-T41755A160983555 (2019).Sarano, F. et al. Nursing behavior in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Anim. Behav. Cognit. 10, 105–131 (2023).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ferrari, M. et al. 3D diarization of a sperm whale click cocktail party by an ultra high sampling rate portable hydrophone array for assessing individual cetacean growth curves. 3239-3243, In Forum Acusticum (2020).Ferrari, M. et al. High-frequency near-field Physeter macrocephalus monitoring by stereo-autoencoder and 3d model of sonar organ. In IEEE OCEANS 1–4 (2019).Barchasz, V., Gies, V., Marzetti, S. & Glotin, H. A novel low-power high speed accurate and precise daq with embedded artificial intelligence for long term biodiversity survey. In Proceedings of the Acustica Symposium (2020).Audacity (2014).Poupard, M., Ferrari, M., Best, P. & Glotin, H. Passive acoustic monitoring of sperm whales and anthropogenic noise using stereophonic recordings in the Mediterranean Sea, North West Pelagos Sanctuary. Sci. Rep. 12, 2007 (2022).Article 
ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
Sarano, F. et al. A focal animal 6-points likert scale to rate intra-unit interactions in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) off Mauritius Island. In World Marine Mammal Conference, 112 (2019).Boggs, P. T. & Rogers, J. E. Orthogonal distance regression. Contemp. Math. 112, 183–194 (1990).Article 
MathSciNet 

Google Scholar 
Boggs, P. T. & Boggs, P. T. The computation and use of the asymptotic covariance matrix for measurement error models, US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (1989).