People who have limited financial literacy and people who are overconfident are both vulnerable to crypto scams, according to Australian researchers. The team surveyed 745 Australians who had bought cryptocurrencies or non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to look at who might be vulnerable to investment scams related to these products. The team say there are two main types of crypto investors who are vulnerable – the first being someone who is likely disadvantaged socioeconomically, has low financial and tech literacy and is influenced by social media hype. The second, the researchers say, is someone from a wealthier background with high financial and tech literacy who is overconfident and assumes they know too much to fall victim to a scam.
Journal/conference: Australian Journal of Social Issues
Link to research (DOI): 10.1002/ajs4.351
Organisation/s: The University of Queensland, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Griffith University
Funder: Dr Levon Blue would like to acknowledge funding from Queensland University of Technology
(QUT)’s early career research (ECR) scheme award.
Media release
Crypto scams claim victims across the socioeconomic spectrumA University of Queensland-led study has found consumer vulnerability to cryptocurrency investment scams has little to do with socioeconomic status.Associate Professor Levon Blue in UQ’s Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Indigenous Engagement and affiliated with the School of Education said the biggest vulnerabilities for consumers were concerns over security, unsolicited advice, limited options for learning and a lack of financial and IT literacy.Key pointsCryptocurrency investment scams are on the rise, with $171 million lost in Australia last year aloneBoth socioeconomic advantaged and disadvantaged people were found to be vulnerable to crypto currency scamsIndependent online financial education from trusted sources is needed“Cryptocurrency investment scams cost Australians a reported $171 million last year alone, and that figure is only set to grow as more people embrace new forms of digital finance products and services,” Dr Blue said.“We surveyed 745 Australian adults who’d purchased cryptocurrencies or non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and found both socioeconomic advantaged and disadvantaged people were vulnerable to investment scams.“The number one place people learned about cryptocurrency was social media.”The researchers found two distinct groups were vulnerable to losing funds to scams.“The first were more likely to be female, Indigenous, casual or part-time workers, renters, a high school or below education or with English as a second language – so with a lot of features we associate with socioeconomic disadvantage,” Dr Blue said.“They reported being influenced by social media hype to buy crypto and lacked sufficient financial or IT literacy.“In contrast, the other vulnerable group could be seen as having more socioeconomic advantage such as a university education, full-time work, being non-Indigenous or owning their home or paying off a mortgage.“This second group were more financially literate but may have assumed they wouldn’t become a scam victim and been over-confident or over-ambitious, exposing themselves to risk.”Dr Blue said other areas of vulnerability for crypto scams included receiving unsolicited advice and not understanding how to store or secure crypto, or calculate tax or interest on the investment.“Our findings suggest that online financial education from trusted independent sources is urgently needed to help combat scams and to keep Australians and their crypto assets safe,” Dr Blue said.“We recommend that education about alternative forms of financial products is offered to in schools, vocational settings and university.”The study also involved researchers Dr Congcong Xing from QUT and Dr Thu Pham from Griffith University.The research was published in the Australian Journal of Social Issues.