Ionic Equilibrium

Ionic Equilibrium Contents:

Degree of ionization
Ostwald dilution law and its limitations
pH scale

Definition of pH and importance of pH scale,
Relation between pH and concentration of H+ in solution,
pH range of acidic, basic solution,
Introduction about pOH, relation between pH and pOH, ionic product of water (Kw),

Hydrolysis of salts (from weak acid [HA] and strong base [BOH]) including derivation of

Hydrolysis of salts (from weak base [BOH] and strong acid [HA]) including derivation of

Hydrolysis of salts (from weak acid [HA] and weak base [BOH]) including derivation of

Buffer solution

Properties of buffer solutions,
Buffer capacity and buffer limit of buffer solution,
pH of buffer formed from weak acid and its salt including derivation of Henderson-Hasselbach equation,
Action of buffer solutions in adjustment of pH during addition of acid or Base,
Buffer standards,
Importance of buffer solutions

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